Treating metal.



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F. L. 0. WADSWORTH.

TREATING METAL.

APPLIGATION FILED 00T. 21, 1907.

i959 Patented Jan 21, 1913.

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'15. L. 0. WADSWORTH.

TREATING METAL.

APPLIOATION FILED 00T. 21. 1907.

Patented J an. 21, 1913.

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FRANK L. 0. WADSWORTH, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

TREATIN G METAL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J an. 21, 1913.

Application led October 21, 1907. Serial No. 398,368.

To all whom t may concern.

Be it known that I, FRANK L. O. Wanswonrn, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inTreating Metal, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, formingpart of this specification, in whic Figure 1 is a side elevation of adouble stand of rolls; Fig. 2 is a plan view showing one of the rolls ineach Stand which may be employed in the ractice of my invention; Fig. 3is front e evation of one of these three-high stands of rolls; Fig. 4 isa like view of a modification; Fig.- 5 is a vertical sectional view ofone of these rolls; Fig. 6 is a plan view of a metal plate after l ithas had a single pass in contact with one of my improved rolls; Fig. 7is a like view of a plate after it has had other passes; Fig. S is avertical sectional view on the line V-V of Fig. 6.

The object of my invention is` to increase the surface density andhomogeneity of metal and other materials for the purpose of producing adurable, non-corrosive skin or outer surface, and it consists primarily,in breaking up the fibrous surface structure produced by the ordinaryprocesses of roll- 1n It further consists in forming projections on thesurface of the metal as it is rendered non-fibrous, and subsequentlycompressing the projections while the body of the metal is still hot, asis hereinafter more fully described.

In certain manufactures, such asthe manufacture of iron, steel, copper,and othr. metals and materials, vit is desirable to secure a tough bodyandy a dense skin or outer surface, free from the usual fibrousstructure, which surface should not only be capable of resistingcorrosion or abrasion, but should also be free from any.Y tendency tostrip or sliver alon the lines of rolling. It has been discovere thatmetal may be densied by increasing the area of the surface withoutincreasing the area of the body metal, and then compressin the increasedairea of the surface to its orlginal area, and this has been done byforming projections dn the, I surface of the heated metal, and t encompressing the projection into a compact shell while the body of themetal is still hot. Heretofore these projections have -been formed onthe surface of the metal by means of rolls having a checkered orcrossgrooved pattern formed on their faces, and by bringing each face ofthe met-al to be treated in contact successively with the portion of thepattern on the face of each roll. The chief objection to this methodconsists 1n unevenness in the pattern produced on the surface of themetal and also in the difficulty in cutting the counterpart of thedesired pattern on the face of the roll. These objections are overcomeby my invention and further advantages are secured, which arehereinafter more fully described.

In Figs. l and 2 of the drawing I show diagrammatically stands ofthree-high rolls 3, 4, and 5, said rolls being of the ordinaryconstruction commonly used. On the face of one or more of the rolls 3,4, and 5, however, I form a series of spiral V-shaped grooves 6, whichmay be of any desired pitch and angle and have a depth of aboutthreesigrteenths of an inch. The grooves of this spiral are preferablyclosely adjacent to' each other, as is shown in Fig. 5, in order thatclosely adjacent continuous diagonal ridges may be formed on the surfaceof the bloom when the bloomis given a passin contact with the roll. InFig. 3 I show a spiral formed'only on the middle roll, in Fig. 4 thespiral is shown on all three rolls.

In the Voperation of the `stand of rolls shown in Fig. 3, the article orplate is given a pass between the rolls 4 and 5, which will produce theparallel continuous ridges 7, shown in Fig. 6. In this operation theparticles or fibers of metal on the surface of the sheet are subjectedto a continuous progressive lateral displacement or at substantiallyright angles to the direction of rolling by the action of'the successivespiral or diagonal ridges on the roll and the 1ongitudinal fibroussurfaceI structure produced by ordinary rolling is thereby prevented oris broken up. When the plate is returned through the pass betweenthe'rolls 3 and 4 the diagonal ribs on the upper surface produced by thefirst pass are flattened down by the smooth roll 3 and a new set ofcontinuous diagonal ribs running at an opposite angle are formed on thelower face of the plate by the middle roll 4. On the next lower past`this last set of ribs is attened out by the .lower smooth roll 5 and theribs reformed on the upper surface by the middle r'oll 4. Each time thatthe ribs are formed, the particles or fibers of metal Aon the surfacearel subjected to a continuous lateral displacement and are therebyforced trans- -versely across the sheet. This process can be repeatedseveral `times until the surface of the sheet has been sufficientlyworked to break up `all the initial fibrous character. The plate isethenpassed to the second stand of rolls and given a series of passes throughthe rolls 10, 11, and 12, which are 'similar to rolls 3, 4, and 5, savethat the spiral grooves run in.the opposite direction. In this operationthe particles of metal are again displaced laterally but in a directionopposite to that produced in the first pass through the rollsv and thefibrous structure of the surface is still further broken up and thehomogeneityr and density of the surface still further improved. Theplate may then be given one or more passes through a pair of finishingrolls, which will compress the ribs left by the last pass throughthesecond stand to a smooth surface, and an article will be produced havinga homogeneous densified shell, free from any longitudinal fibrousstructure on both faces. If it is desired to confine the effect to onesurface, I may either use stands of two-high reversing rolls, or better,I may use the three-high stand of rolls just described, and reverse thearticle, plate, or sheet after each pass so that the same face is alwaysin contact with the central ribbed rolls 4 and 11.

In Fig. 4 all the rolls are spirally ribbed and the effect on each passis to displace the particles of metal in opposite directions on the twosurfaces and thereby simultaneously form continuous transversecorrugations or ribs which are opposed to each other on the two sides.When the plate or article is passed to the second stand of rolls` thespirals on which run in the opposite direction from those on the firstset, the continuous progressive transverse movement of the particles orfibers on each surface is reversed and two new sets of ribs are formedwhich .cross the ribs formed by the first standof rolls,- and leave the.surfaoesof the plate inthe form illustrated in Fig. 7 .i As a finaloperation, the vplate or article is taken to anlordinary stand offinish-ing rolls and the doubly corrugated or ribbed vsurface rolleddown to the final configuration desired. In this viewof Fig. 4, rolls 3'and 5 take the place of rolls 3 and 5. A v

Although I have shown stands of-threehigh rolls I do not desire to limitmyself to the same, as a single roll may be used in 'connection with asuitable bed-plate, nor do I desire to 'limit the use of these rolls toproducing .the continuous: ridges on articles or plates, as they may beproduced on any thickness or shape of iron, steel, copper, or

other metal or material, nor do Idesire to limit myself to any number ofpasses of the metal inv contact with the spirallymarked roll, as' goodresults may be obtained by compressing the vsurface of the article orplate after it ha's'had but a single pass and is intheform shown in Fig.6. Neither do I desire to limit myself to the mounting of rolls withoppositely disposed' spirals such as are shown in Fig. 2 in separatestands, as t-hese rolls may somet-imcs be mounted with these spirallygroove'd vsurfaces placed end to end on a common axis inthe same Stand,

ythe plate being reversed end for end or yotherwise between eachsuccessive pass through these rolls.

Although I have described the use of spiral ridges and grooves for thepurpose of forming ribs which are subsequently compressed to a smooth.surface while the body of the metal is still hot, it will be understoodthat the effect of the spirals on the rolls is notv only to formcontinuous diagonal ribs but is also to subject the surface particleslaterally to a continuous progressive displacement as well aslongitudinally, that is,-to a displacement at an angle to the directionof rolling. j4 It is "this latter action which has the effect ofbreaking up and preventing the formation of longitudinal fibers or ofthe usual fibrous formation on the .surface of the metal. Metal sotreated, may then, while the metal is still hot, be

passed through plain rol-ls, as is hereinbefore described, or wheremerely a non-fibrous surface is desired, the metal may be used withoutfurther treatment, or it may be allowed to cool and be reheated and thenpassed through finishing rolls merely for the purpose of producing asmooth surface.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

1. The method ofv treating metal which consists inrolling the metallongitudinally ,and simultaneously subjecting the surface fibersthroughout the entire width of the metal to a progressive continuousdisplacement inthe same direction at an angle oblique Ato the directionof rolling.

A 2. The method of treating metal consisting in forming diagonal ribsextending in the same direction on the surface of the material by acontinuous lateral displacement of the surface fibers throughout theentire width of the-metal along lines at substantially uniform angles tothe direction of rolling.

3. The method of treating metal consist-l ing in forming diagonal ribsextending in the same direction on the surface ofthe material by'a.continuous lateral displacement of the surface fibers throughout theentire width of the metal along lines at substantially 'uniform anglesto the direction f rolling, and then compressing the ribs to a smoothsurface.

4. The method of treating metal consisting in first treating the metal,forming diagonal ribs extending in the same direction on the surfacebers throughout the entire width of the metal along lines atsubstantially uniform angles tothe direction of rolling, and thencompressing the ribs to a smooth surface While the body of the met-al isstill hot.

5. The method of treating metal which consists in subjecting the surfacefibers or particles of the material throughoutthe entire Width of themetal to a continuous progressive diagonal movement or displacement atangles first. to the right and then to the left. of the direction ot'rolling.

6. The method of treating metal which consists in forming diagonal ribson the face of the material by a continuous progressive displacement ofthe surface portions throughout the entire Width of the metal a first toone side and then to the other of the direction of rolling, and thencompressing l of metal dense and non-fibrous which conl sists in formingcontinuous diagonal ribs or projections extending in the same directionon the surface of the material and throughout the entire width thereofby a continuous progressive lateral displacement of the superficialportions at anglesV oblique to the direction of rolling, and thencompressing the ribs so formed to a substantially plane surface.

9. In a rolling mill, the combination of a stand of rolls having a rollprovided with closely adjacent V-shaped spiral parallel grooves, of asecond stand of rolls having a roll provided with a plain surface, saidstands of rolls being arranged to act successively on the metal to berolled, whereby a surface is first'corrugated and then rolled downsmooth.

10. In a rolling mill, the combination with a stand ot' rolls having aroll provided with closelyr adjacent V-shaped spiral parallel grooves,or threads, and a second stand ot rolls also formed with closelyadjacent V-shaped spiral parallel grooves, or threads, of oppositepitch, of a third set of rolls having smooth surfaces, the three standsor sets of rolls being arranged to act successively on the same surfacesof the material to be rolled, whereby a surface is first. corrugated inone direction, then corrugated in the opposite direction, and thenrolled down smooth.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

FRANK L. O. WADSWORTH. Witnesses:

SUZANNE S. BEATTY, JAMES K. Bamm-1m..

